Mu rwego rwo guhindura imiterere y’ingufu zikomeje, urwego rw’inganda n’ubucuruzi n’umukoresha w’amashanyarazi n’urwego rukomeye mu guteza imbere ububiko bw’ingufu.Ku ruhande rumwe, tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu igira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ingufu z’inganda, kugabanya ibiciro by’amashanyarazi, no kugira uruhare mu gusubiza ibyifuzo.Ku rundi ruhande, hari n'ibidashidikanywaho mu bijyanye no guhitamo ikarita y’ikoranabuhanga, imiterere y’ubucuruzi, na politiki n’amabwiriza muri uru rwego.Kubwibyo, isesengura ryimbitse kubyerekeranye niterambere nimbogamizi zo kubika ingufu za C&I ningirakamaro cyane kugirango byorohereze iterambere ryiza ryinganda zibika ingufu.
Amahirwe yo Kubika Ingufu za C&I
Iterambere ryingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zitera kwiyongera kububiko bwingufu.Ubushobozi bw’isi yose bwashyizwemo ingufu zishobora kugera kuri 3.064 GW mu mpera za 2022, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 9.1%.Biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho bwo kubika ingufu mu Bushinwa buzagera kuri 30 GW mu 2025. Kwishyira hamwe kwinshi kw’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa rimwe na rimwe bisaba ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu kugirango habeho itangwa n’ibisabwa.
Iterambere rya gride yubwenge hamwe nigisubizo gikenewe nabyo byongera ubushake bwo kubika ingufu, kuko kubika ingufu bishobora gufasha kuringaniza imikoreshereze yumuriro nimbaraga zitari nziza.Iyubakwa rya gride yubwenge mubushinwa irihuta, kandi metero zubwenge ziteganijwe kugera kuri 2025. Igipimo cya metero zubwenge muburayi kirenga 50%.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na komisiyo ishinzwe kugenzura ingufu z’ingufu zagaragaje ko gahunda zo gukemura ibibazo zishobora kuzigama amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika angana na miliyari 17 z'amadolari ku mwaka.
Ibyamamare byimodoka zitanga amashanyarazi zitanga ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa mu nganda n’ubucuruzi.Raporo ya 2022 Global EV Outlook yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA), ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ku isi byageze kuri miliyoni 16.5 mu 2021, bikubye inshuro eshatu muri 2018. Amashanyarazi abikwa muri bateri ya EV iyo yishyuye neza arashobora gutanga serivisi zo kubika ingufu za abakoresha inganda nubucuruzi mugihe ibinyabiziga bidafite akazi.Hamwe na tekinoroji-yimodoka (V2G) ituma habaho itumanaho ryuburyo bubiri hagati ya EV na gride, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora kugaburira ingufu mumashanyarazi mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi kandi bikishyuza mugihe cyamasaha yumunsi, bityo bigatanga serivise zo gushiraho imizigo.Ubwinshi no gukwirakwiza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birashobora gutanga uburyo bwinshi bwo kubika ingufu zagabanijwe, birinda ibisabwa mu ishoramari no gukoresha ubutaka imishinga minini yo kubika ingufu.
● Politiki mu bihugu bitandukanye ishishikariza kandi igatera inkunga izamuka ry’amasoko abika ingufu z’inganda n’ubucuruzi.Kurugero, Amerika itanga inguzanyo yumusoro wa 30% mugushiraho sisitemu yo kubika ingufu;Guverinoma za Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zitanga uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za metero ziri inyuma ya metero, nka Porogaramu yo Kwishyira ukizana kwa Californiya;Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urasaba ibihugu bigize uyu muryango gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo gusubiza ibyifuzo;Ubushinwa bushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo ngenderwaho bisabwa bisaba amasosiyete ya gride kugura ijanisha runaka ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, bigatuma mu buryo butaziguye icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu.
Kongera ubumenyi ku micungire y’imitwaro y’inganda n’ubucuruzi.Kubika ingufu bifasha kongera ingufu zingufu kandi bigabanya ingufu zikenewe kubigo.
Agaciro
Gusimbuza ibihingwa gakondo byimyanda no gutanga ubushobozi bwogosha bwogosha / ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya imitwaro.
Gutanga infashanyo ya voltage yo gukwirakwiza gride kugirango izamure ingufu.
Gukora sisitemu ya micro-grid iyo ihujwe nigisekuru gishobora kuvugururwa.
Gutezimbere kwishyuza / gusohora ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza.
● Gutanga abakiriya b’ubucuruzi n’inganda uburyo butandukanye bwo gucunga ingufu no kwinjiza amafaranga.
Inzitizi zo Kubika Ingufu za C&I
Ibiciro bya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu bikomeza kuba byinshi kandi inyungu zikeneye igihe cyo kwemeza.Kugabanya ibiciro ni urufunguzo rwo guteza imbere gusaba.Kugeza ubu ikiguzi cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni CNY 1,100-1,600 / kWt.Hamwe ninganda, ibiciro biteganijwe kugabanuka kuri CNY500-800 / kWt.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikoranabuhanga kiracyashakishwa kandi gukura kwa tekinike bikeneye kunozwa.Ubuhanga busanzwe bwo kubika ingufu zirimo ububiko bwa hydro pompe, kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zihunitse, kubika ingufu za flawheel, kubika ingufu za electrochemic, nibindi, bifite imbaraga nintege nke zitandukanye.Gukomeza guhanga udushya birakenewe kugirango tugere ku ntambwe.
Models Icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi nicyitegererezo cyinyungu bigomba gushakishwa.Abakoresha inganda zitandukanye bafite ibyo bakeneye bitandukanye, bisaba ibishushanyo mbonera byubucuruzi.Uruhande rwa gride rwibanda ku kogosha no kwuzuza ikibaya mugihe uruhande rwabakoresha rwibanda ku kuzigama no gucunga neza ibisabwa.Guhanga udushya mu bucuruzi ni urufunguzo rwo kwemeza ibikorwa birambye.
● Ingaruka zo kubika ingufu nini zo guhuza ingufu kuri gride ikeneye gusuzuma.Kwishyira hamwe kwinshi mububiko bwingufu bizagira ingaruka kumurongo wa gride, kuringaniza itangwa nibisabwa, nibindi.
● Hano harabuze amahame ya tekiniki hamwe na politiki / amabwiriza.Ibipimo birambuye bigomba gushyirwaho kugirango bigenzure iterambere n’imikorere yo kubika ingufu.
Kubika ingufu bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha inganda nubucuruzi ariko biracyafite ibibazo byinshi byikoranabuhanga nubucuruzi mugihe gito.Hashyizweho ingufu mu gushyigikira politiki, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, no gushakisha icyitegererezo cy’ubucuruzi birasabwa kugira ngo iterambere ryihuse kandi ryiza ry’inganda zibika ingufu.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-31-2023